Validation Rules

We apply the following validation checks to every incoming shot. Shots that fall outside these bounds are still stored but may be flagged and excluded from analytics calculations.

• Ball speed: Must be between 0 and 108 m/s (0–240 mph).
• Club head speed: Must be between 0 and 80 m/s (0–179 mph).
• Smash factor: Must be between 0.5 and 2.0. Values outside this range suggest a sensor misread.
• Spin rate: Must be ≥ 0 RPM. Negative spin values are rejected.
• Non-zero carry with ball speed: If ball speed > 5 m/s, carry distance must be > 0 meters. A reading of significant ball speed with zero carry suggests a sensor failure.

Tip

Design your data output to naturally satisfy these bounds, and document any edge cases (e.g., topped shots, shanks, or mulligan/practice swings that the device might capture).